Vaccination

DISEASE/VACCINE	FOALS/WEANLINGS	YEARLINGS	PERFORMANCEHORSES	PLEASUREHORSES	BROODMARES	COMMENTS
West Nile Virus	First dose: 3-4 monthsSecond dose: 1 month later (plus third dose at 6 months in endemic areas).	Annual booster, prior to expected risk. Vaccinate semi-annually or more frequently (every 4 months), depending on risk.	Annual booster, prior to expected risk. Vaccinate semi-annually or more frequently (every 4 months), depending on risk.	Annual booster, prior to expected risk. Vaccinate semi-annually or more frequently (every 4 months), depending on risk.	Annual, 4-6 weeks in prepartum.	Annual booster is after primary series. In endemic areas, booster as required or warranted due to local conditions conducive to disease risk. Vaccinate semi-annually or more frequently (every 4 months), depending on risk.
Tetanus Toxoid	From nonvaccinated mares: First dose: 3-4 months Second dose: 4-5 months From vaccinated mares: First dose: 6 months Second dose: 7 months Third dose: 8-9 months	Annual	Annual	Annual	Annual, 4-6 weeks prepartum.	Booster at time of penetrating injury or surgery if last dose not administered within 6 months.
Encephalomyelitis (EEE, WEE, VEE)	EEE: (in high-risk areas) First dose: 3-4 months Second dose: 4-5 months Third dose: 5-6 months WEE, EEE (in low-risk areas) and VEE: From nonvaccinated mares: First dose: 3-4 months Second dose: 4-5 months Third dose: 5-6 months From vaccinated mares: First dose: 6 months Second dose: 7 months Third dose: 8 months	Annual, spring	Annual, spring	Annual, spring	Annual, 4-6 weeks prepartum.	In endemic areas booster EEE and WEE every 6 months; VEE only needed when threat of exposure; VEE may only be available as a combination vaccine with EEE and WEE.
Influenza	Inactivated injectable: From nonvaccinated mares: First dose: 6 months Second dose: 7 months Third dose: 8 months Then at 3 month intervals From vaccinated mares: First dose: 9 months Second dose: 10 months Third dose: 11-12 months Then at 3 month intervals Intranasal modified live virus: First dose: 11 months; has been safely administered to foals less than 11 months – see comments	Every 3-4 monthsEvery 6 months	Every 3-4 monthsEvery 6 months	Annual with added boosters prior to likely exposureEvery 6 months	At least semiannual with 1 booster 4-6 weeks prepartumAnnual before breeding (see comments)	A series of at least 3 doses is recommended for primary immunization of foals. Not recommended for pregnant mares until data available. Use inactivated vaccine for prepartum booster. If first dose is administered to foals less than 11 months of age, administer second dose at or after 11 months of age.
Rhinopneumonitis(EHV-1 and EHV-4)	First dose: 4-6 monthsSecond dose: 5-7 monthsThird dose: 6-8 monthsThen at 3 month intervals	Booster every 3-4 months up to annually	Booster every 3-4 months up to annually	Optional: semiannual if elected	5th, 7th, 9th month of gestation (inactivated EHV-1 vaccine); optional dose at 3rd month of gestation	Vaccination of mares before breeding and 4-6 weeks prepartum is suggested. Breeding stallions should be vaccinated before the breeding season and semiannually
Strangles	Injectable: First dose: 4-6 months Second dose: 5-7 months Third dose: 7-8 months (depending on product used) Fourth dose: 12 months Intranasal: First dose: 6-9 months Second dose: 3 weeks later	Semi-annual	Optional: semi-annual if risk is high	Optional: semi-annual if risk is high	Semi-Annual with 1 dose of inactivated M-protein vaccine 4-6 weeks prepartum	Vaccines containin M-protein extract may be less reactive than whole-cell vaccines. Use when endemic conditions exist or risk is high. Foals as young as 6 weeks may safely receive the intranasal product. A third dose should be administered 2-4 weeks prior to weaning.
Rabies	From nonvaccinated mares: First dose: 3-4 months Second dose: 12 months From vaccinated mares: First dose: 6 months Second dose: 7 months Third dose: 12 months	Annual	Annual	Annual	Annual, before breeding	Vaccination recommended in endemic areas. Do not use modified-live-virus vaccines in horses.
Potomac Horse Fever	First dose: 5-6 monthsSecond dose: 6-7 months	Semi-annual	Semi-annual	Semi-annual	Semi-annual with 1 dose 4-6 weeks prepartum	Booster during May to June in endemic areas
Botulism	From vaccinated mare: 3 dose series of toxoid at 30-day intervals starting at 2-3 months From nonvaccinated mare: Consult your veterinarian	Consult your veterinarian	Consult your veterinarian	Consult your veterinarian	Initial 3-dose series at 30 day intervals with last dose 4-6 weeks prepartum. Annually thereafter, 4-6 weeks prepartum	Only in endemic areas. A third dose administered 4-6 weeks after the second dose may improve the response of foals to primary immunization.
Equine Viral Arteritis	Intact colts intended to be breeding stallions: 1 dose at 6-12 months	Annual for colts intended to be breeding stallions	Annual for colts intended to be breeding stallions	Annual for colts intended to be breeding stallions	Annual for seronegative, open mares before breeding to carrier stallions; isolate mares for 21 days after breeding to carrier stallion	Annual for breeding stallions and teasers, 28 days before start of breeding season; virus may be shed in semen for up to 21 days. Vaccinated mares do not develop clinical signs even though they become transiently infected and may shed virus for short time.
Rotavirus A	Little value to vaccinate foal because insufficient time to develop antibodies to protect during susceptible age	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	Vaccinate mares at 8, 9 and 10 months of gestation, each pregnancy. Passive transfer of colostral antibodies aid in prevention of rotaviral diarrhea in foals.	Check concentrations of immunoglobulins in foal to be assured that there is no failure of passive transfer.